Aag lagne se pehle building do signal deti hai — dhuan aur garmi. Isliye smoke detector aur heat detector mein antar samajhna zaroori hai: dono alag cheez dhoondhte hain, aur galat jagah par bekaar ho jate hain.
Seedha jawab: Smoke detector dhuan pakadta hai, heat detector temperature. Dhuan pehle banta hai, isliye smoke detector jaldi bajta hai — IS 2189:2008 ke shabdon mein “appreciably faster”. Heat detector dheema hai, par kitchen aur dhool wale godown mein jhootha alarm nahi deta.
TL;DR — chaar line mein poora farak
- Kaam: smoke detector dhuan ke particle padhta hai; heat detector temperature ya uski raftaar.
- Speed: IS 2189:2008 smoke detector ko “appreciably faster” kehta hai, par yeh bhi ki woh “may be liable to give false alarms”.
- Coverage: smoke 7.5 m (7 m ceiling tak), heat 5.3 m (5 m tak); oonche shed mein spacing kam, aur 7 m se upar heat detector allowed nahi.
- Jagah: escape route aur office mein smoke; kitchen aur boiler room mein heat.
Smoke detector aur heat detector mein antar kya hai?
Farak sensing principle ka hai. BIS ka IS 2189:2008 code of practice heat detector ko aise likhta hai — “a fire detector that detects either abnormally high temperature or rate of temperature rise, or both”. Smoke detector iske ulat hawa ke particle dhoondhta hai.
Natija timing mein dikhta hai. Clause 5.2 ke mutabiq dheere sulagti aag mein “a smoke detector would probably operate first”, jabki tezi se garmi dene wali aag “could operate a heat detector before a smoke detector”.
Yani koi ek behtar nahi. Clause 5.2 ke shabdon mein detector chunna “always a compromise” hai — response speed, false alarm aur aag ke nature ke beech. Saare quote IS 2189:2008 se hain, jo freely readable edition hai; IS 2189:2026 aa chuka hai, isliye final design latest edition par confirm karayein.
Smoke detector kaam kaise karta hai — optical aur ionisation mein kya farak?
Smoke detector do family mein aata hai, aur IS 11360:1985 dono ko cover karta hai. Optical mein dhuan aane par roshni “scattered by reflection and refraction onto the sensor” ho jati hai. Ionisation clause 3.45 ke mutabiq “a small amount of radioactive material” se hawa ko ionise karta hai.
Practical farak particle ke size ka hai. IS 2189 ke mutabiq ionisation detector “respond quickly to smoke containing small particles normally produced in clean burning fires, but may respond slowly to optically dense smoke which may be produced by smouldering materials”. Optical detector mota, dark dhuan jaldi pakadta hai.
Ionisation detector ka regulatory pehlu. IS 11360:1985 ki clause 5.1 ionisation detector par “the existence radioactivity inside and its strength and type of source” ka marking mandatory karti hai, aur clause 0.7 disposal ko “in a manner acceptable to the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India” rakhti hai. AERB ki list mein ionisation chamber smoke detector darj hai.
Isliye naye kaam mein optical default hai. IS 2189 ka Annex A ionisation ke demerit column mein likhta hai: inka use “on way to phase out due to radiation problems” hai.
Heat detector kitne degree par bajta hai aur kab lagana chahiye?
Heat detector do tarah ke hote hain. Fixed temperature wale “designed to operate when the temperature of the detector exceeds a predetermined value” hote hain. Rate-of-rise-cum-fixed-temperature wale dono dekhte hain.
Number IS 2175:1988 ki clause 5.2.1.1 mein hai, jo rate-of-rise-cum-fixed-temperature type par additionally lagti hai. Hawa ka temperature dheere badhe — 1°C per minute se kam — to detector 58°C se neeche operate nahi kar sakta, aur Grade 1, 2, 3 ke liye kramsha 65°C, 73°C aur 81°C se upar nahi. Bahut garam jagah ke liye clause 5.1.1.3 bi-metal probe type ko “highly suitable to use above 80°C where electronic components cannot be used” batati hai.
Field note, Pithampur, 2025. Sheet-metal unit ki pantry mein optical smoke detector lage the. Chai ki bhaap se hafte mein do-teen baar panel bajta tha, aur staff ne sounder band karwa diya. Heat detector ke baad alarm rukk gaye.
Lekin heat detector ki badi limitation clause 5.1.1.5 mein hai: yeh “not suitable for protection of places where larger losses can be caused by small fires and where safety of life is involved”.
Kahan kaunsa detector lagega — kitchen, office ya godown?
Jagah ke hisaab se chunna sabse aasan hai. Neeche ki table clause 5.2.1 aur Annex A par bani hai.
| Jagah | Detector | Standard kya kehta hai |
|---|---|---|
| Escape route, corridor, staircase | Smoke (optical) | “[b]efore optical density exceeds 0.05 dB/m” — visibility 20 m se neeche girne se pehle |
| Office, showroom, AC cabin | Smoke (optical) | Heat detector “not suitable for detecting fire in slow burning/air-conditioned premises” |
| Kitchen, pantry, canteen | Heat | “[S]uitable in compartments where heat producing equipment (for example, kitchen and pantry, etc) are used…” |
| Boiler room, DG set room | Heat | Annex A: “boilers, DG sets, etc, are installed/used” |
Heat detector “kam accha” nahi hai — woh wahan ka detector hai jahan smoke bharosemand nahi rehta. Panel aur loop planning addressable fire alarm ki guide mein hai.
Kitne detector lagenge aur kaun si galtiyan hoti hain?
Quantity ka jawab spacing rule se aata hai — isi wajah se heat detector ka bill zyada aata hai.
| Parameter | Smoke detector | Heat detector |
|---|---|---|
| Max doori — smoke 7 m, heat 5 m ceiling tak (clause 6.3.2 a + 6.3.3 a) | 7.5 m | 5.3 m |
| Ceiling 5–7 m (clause 6.3.3 a) | 7.5 m, 7 m tak | 3.5 m |
| Ceiling 7 m se upar (clause 6.3.3 a) | 7–10 m: 5 m · 10 m se upar sirf beam ya aspirating | Allowed nahi |
| Sensing element ceiling se neeche (clause 6.2) | 25–600 mm | 25–150 mm |
| AC / high air-movement cross-check (clause 6.3.3 b) | 1 per 100 m² | 1 per 50 m² |
Clause 6.3.2 ki bhasha mandatory hai — “shall not exceed” — jabki clause 6.2 ki mounting depth “should” wali salah hai. Height wali baat sabse zyada miss hoti hai: yeh doori sirf 7 m aur 5 m ceiling tak valid hai, 7 m se upar heat detector allowed hi nahi.
Teen galtiyan sabse zyada milti hain: kitchen mein smoke detector; sirf heat detector lagakar poori building cover maan lena, jo clause 5.1.1.5 ke khilaf hai; aur detector ko air inlet ke paas lagana, jabki clause 6.3.2 air inlet se 1 m aur 6.3.3(b) diffuser se kam se kam 1.5 m maangta hai. Ghar ke liye ghar mein fire alarm lagana zaroori hai kya dekhein; fire extinguisher aur fire alarm mein antar alag guide hai.
Indore aur Pithampur mein zameen par kya dikhta hai?
Indore aur Pithampur ke non-AC shed mein rate-of-rise heat detector se bachein — wahan fixed-temperature heat ya optical smoke detector behtar chalta hai. Wajah ambient temperature hai. IS 2189 ka Annex A rate-of-rise ko “areas subject to rapid changes of temperature or temperatures over 43 °C” ke liye unsuitable batata hai, aur IS 2175:1988 ki clause 0.8 ka dayra “room (ceiling) ambient temperature not exceeding 45°C” hai.
Ab Malwa ki garmi dekhiye. IMD ki Climate of Madhya Pradesh (Climatological Summaries of States Series No. 27) ke mutabiq West Madhya Pradesh — wahi sub-division jismein Indore aata hai — mein “May is the hottest month with mean maximum temperature ranges between 35°C to 43°C”. IMD ke heat-wave criteria mein ek shart actual maximum 45°C ya usse upar hai.
Field note, Sanwer Road, May 2026. Tin-shed godown mein rate-of-rise heat detector lage the aur garmi mein nuisance trip aate the. Us area ko optical smoke detector par shift kiya; sirf welding bay mein fixed-temperature heat chhoda.
Oonche shed mein do baatein chalti hain: garmi rate-of-rise ko harati hai, aur 7 m se upar heat allowed nahi. Factory compliance ka dhancha MP factory fire safety guide mein hai. 2012 se 585+ installations ka pattern saaf hai — detector ka type jagah se match kare, to staff sounder band nahi karta.
Key Takeaways
- Escape route, office aur high-value store mein optical smoke detector lagwayein — clause 5.1.1.5 ke hisaab se heat detector yahan suitable nahi.
- Kitchen, pantry aur boiler room mein heat detector rakhein; 80°C se upar bi-metal probe type.
- Quotation mein spacing check karein — 7.5 m aur 5.3 m sirf 7 m aur 5 m ceiling tak valid hai, aur 7 m se upar heat detector allowed nahi.
- Non-AC shed mein rate-of-rise ke bajaye fixed-temperature heat ya optical chunein.
- Ionisation detector kharidne se pehle label dekhein; naye kaam mein optical behtar.
Aksar poochhe jane wale sawal
Kya ek hi building mein smoke aur heat dono lagana chahiye?
Haan. IS 2189:2008 ki clause 5.2 kehti hai ki “a combination of various detectors is necessary”, kyunki har type alag aag par alag raftaar se react karta hai. Multi-sensor detector bhi option hai: do sensing principle ek hi device mein.
Heat detector kitne temperature par bajta hai?
IS 2175:1988 ki clause 5.2.1.1 ke mutabiq rate-of-rise-cum-fixed-temperature detector dheemi garmi mein 58°C se neeche operate nahi kar sakta, aur Grade 1, 2, 3 ke liye 65°C, 73°C aur 81°C ki upper limit hai — yani ek range, single figure nahi.
Kitchen mein smoke detector kyun nahi lagate?
Kyunki khana banane ka dhuan aur bhaap detector ke liye aag jaisa dikhta hai. Isiliye IS 2189 ki clause 5.2.1.2 kitchen aur pantry ke liye heat detector ko suitable batati hai. Baar-baar jhootha alarm aane par log sounder band kar dete hain.
Kya ionisation smoke detector India mein legal hai?
Haan, lekin regulated hai. IS 11360:1985 ki clause 0.7 ke mutabiq disposal aur marking “in a manner acceptable to the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India” honi chahiye, aur IS 2189 ka Annex A inka use “on way to phase out” batata hai.
Ek kamre mein kitne detector lagenge?
Flat ceiling par kisi bhi point se smoke detector 7.5 m aur heat detector 5.3 m se zyada door nahi ho sakta — lekin yeh sirf 7 m aur 5 m ceiling tak valid hai. Uske upar spacing kam hoti hai, aur 7 m se upar heat detector allowed nahi.
Purane detector ki service kab karani chahiye?
Detector ke label par “maximum period between two successive services or inspections” likha hota hai — IS 11360:1985 ki clause 5.1 yeh marking mandatory karti hai. Usi interval par service karwayein; dhool wale industrial area mein practically zyada baar safai lagti hai.
Aage kya karein
Ab jab smoke detector aur heat detector mein antar saaf hai, agla kadam brand chunna nahi — quotation padhna hai. Dekhiye ki har area ke saamne detector ka type likha hai, spacing ceiling height par tiki hai, aur kitchen mein heat detector hai. Yeh teen check tay karte hain ki panel asli aag mein bajega ya nahi.
Apni site ka detector layout check karwana hai? AlifTech Secure Indore, Bhopal, Sagar aur Pithampur mein free site survey deta hai — hum area-wise detector type aur spacing likh kar dete hain. Humse baat karein ya +91 9109106826 par call.
